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Discussion on Pressure Regime in Brictec Tunnel Kiln Firing During tunnel kiln firing, the rationality of the pressure regime has a significant impact on firing results. The kiln pressure regime refers to the distribution pattern of static pressure along the length of the tunnel kiln. By plotting the pressure data of different car positions, a “pressure curve” is obtained. The pressure regime directly determines the flow state of gases inside the kiln, which in turn affects: 1. Heat exchange in the kiln; 2. The amount of combustion air required and the exhaust gas discharged; 3. The uniformity of pressure and temperature distribution inside the kiln.   I. Formation of the Pressure Regime The pressure distribution inside the kiln is the result of multiple gas flows acting together: 1. Cooling zone: A large amount of cold air enters, while heated air is extracted. 2. Firing zone: Fuel combustion generates gases, with the addition of primary air and atomized fuel. Pressure in this zone is usually higher than atmospheric pressure, forming positive pressure. 3. Preheating zone: A large amount of flue gas and water vapor is discharged by the exhaust fan. Kiln pressure is lower than atmospheric pressure, forming negative pressure. During the transition from positive pressure to negative pressure, there exists an interface where the internal kiln pressure equals the external atmospheric pressure. This is called the zero-pressure plane (or zero point/zero position). (1) Before the zero-pressure plane (preheating zone) → Negative pressure zone, beneficial for discharging flue gas and water vapor, but may cause cold air infiltration, leading to thermal stratification and increased temperature difference. (2) After the zero-pressure plane (firing zone) → Positive pressure zone, prevents cold air entry and maintains stable, uniform temperature. II. Control of the Zero-Pressure Position In practical operation, most tunnel kilns maintain the firing zone under slight positive pressure, and set the zero-pressure plane at: 1. The middle of the firing zone; 2. Or around 1/3 of the coal-feeding rows toward the insulation zone; 3. Or slightly behind this position. This allows high-temperature gases to evenly fill the entire brick stack, ensuring uniform heating and insulation of bricks at high temperatures. III. Key Points for Controlling Positive Pressure 1. Advantages of moderate positive pressure: Stable kiln atmosphere, uniform temperature, prevention of cold air entry. 2. Risks of excessive positive pressure: Significant hot gas leakage → increased heat loss; 3. If kiln car bottom sealing is insufficient → hot gases flow downward, possibly leading to: (1) Deformation and damage of kiln car skirts; (2) Wear of sand seal grooves; (3) Evaporation of bearing lubricating oil, causing bearing damage; (4) Deterioration of the working environment. Therefore, tunnel kiln operation should avoid excessive positive pressure and maintain only slight positive pressure.

Brictec Successfully Showcased at the 9th Baghdad International Building & Construction Expo (IRAQ BUILDEXPO) Recently, Brictec, a global leader in clay brick plant process design and EPC construction, successfully participated in the 9th Baghdad International Building & Construction Expo (IRAQ BUILDEXPO). At the exhibition, Brictec presented a high-standard brick plant model, highlighting its advanced capabilities in tunnel kiln design, kiln car refractory solutions, and turnkey brick plant projects. The booth attracted strong attention from industry professionals and local contractors, earning high recognition for Brictec’s expertise in energy-efficient, modern brick plant solutions. This event marked an important step for Brictec to expand from the Iraqi market to the broader Middle East region. Through in-depth exchanges with local customers, Brictec will continue to provide efficient, sustainable, and intelligent brick plant solutions, contributing to the quality development of the construction materials industry in Iraq and the Middle East. The exhibition was a great success. Brictec extends its sincere wishes for peace, prosperity, and happiness to the people of Iraq. Overview of the Exhibition About Iraq Build Expo: Iraq Build Expo is the country’s leading international exhibition dedicated to the construction, building materials, infrastructure, and real estate development sectors. Now in its 9th edition, the event will take place from 8–11 September 2025 at the Baghdad International Fairground. As Iraq continues to undergo large-scale reconstruction and modernization, Iraq Build Expo provides a vital platform for local and international companies to showcase their products, services, and technologies to a highly targeted audience of decision-makers, buyers, investors, and project leaders. With participation from over 300 exhibitors and thousands of professional visitors from across Iraq, the Middle East, Europe, and Asia, the expo offers unmatched opportunities to network, build partnerships, and contribute to the future of Iraq’s built environment. Key Features: 1. Extensive exhibition area covering all sectors of construction 2. High-level B2B matchmaking program 3. Live demonstrations and technical presentations 4. Participation of government bodies and private developers Acknowledgements: We would like to express our gratitude to the Iraqi Pyramids Group A.S. for organizing this exhibition. Editor: JF & Lou

Brictec Successfully Completes Thermal Shock Resistance Test for Refractory Bricks, Demonstrating Expertise in Brick Plant Construction With 15 years of experience in complete plant process design and project construction for clay-fired brick production, Brictec has recently completed thermal shock resistance tests for tunnel kiln refractory bricks and kiln car refractory bricks. These tests not only verified the performance of refractory materials under extreme temperature variations but also demonstrated Brictec's professional approach to material selection and quality control in brick plant construction. Importance of Thermal Stability Testing In clay brick production, tunnel kiln refractory bricks and kiln car refractory bricks are directly exposed to high-temperature impacts and frequent thermal cycling. Tunnel kiln bricks must withstand continuous operating temperatures above 1000°C, while kiln car bricks endure severe thermal shocks during the loading/unloading of red brick green bodies. Inadequate thermal stability can lead to cracking and spalling, significantly affecting kiln service life and production safety. Brictec's Rigorous Testing Protocol To ensure refractory bricks meet operational requirements, Brictec has established strict "Refractory Brick Thermal Shock Resistance Testing Standards": Sample Preparation: Specimens cut from production batches according to GB/T 3997.1 Equipment: Program-controlled electric furnace with water quenching system Procedure: Heat specimens to 1100°C for 30 minutes Rapidly quench in 20°C water Repeat cycles until failure occurs Evaluation: Strength retention rate after 20 cycles (≥80% qualified) Quality Assurance for Construction Projects During testing, Brictec utilized temperature monitoring systems integrated with (clay brick making machines) for accurate data collection. Our engineering team paid special attention to refractory performance in actual (red brick making machine) production lines, using test results to select optimal materials for ongoing projects. Key Term Glossary: Clay brick making machine: Core equipment for forming and firing clay bricks Red brick making machine: Automated equipment specialized in standard red brick production Thermal shock resistance: Material's ability to withstand rapid temperature changes without damage Should there be any technical inaccuracies or editorial errors, we welcome corrections and feedback.